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Volume 2024
Main headlines from this issue
DoD representatives explain US approach towards offset, could revisit policy
Dean Vlahopoulos, principal deputy general counsel, and Jorge Aguilera, weapons policy analyst, both from the DSCA, maintained that the US viewed offsets as "inefficient and market-distorting”, at the same time admitting the irony in its involvement in administering offsets, when domestic industry indulged in such transactions. However, Vlahopoulos remarked that there is a “new sort of wind” in the US, propelling a new look at offsets.
Malaysia focuses on offset output, moves away from value-based approach
Malaysia has moved from a credit value–based industrial collaboration policy to an outcome-based one. Under the new approach, Malaysia will not measure the offset projects in terms of its credit value but, rather, on the outcome the project creates for its local industry.
Korean primes sign defence agreements with Peruvian industry
South Korea and Peru have signed several MoUs to enhance bilateral defence industry collaboration. Hyundai Heavy Industries and Peru’s state-owned shipyard, SIMA, signed an MoU for joint submarine development, while Korea Aerospace Industries signed an MoU with SEMAN, for the joint production of KF-21 fighter jet components. Furthermore, Hyundai Rotem signed an agreement with Peru’s Army Weapons and Ammunition Factory to strengthen cooperation on ground equipment.
India and Japan to co-develop UNICORN antennae
India and Japan inked a Memorandum of Implementation on 15 November in Tokyo to jointly develop Unified Complex Radio Antenna (UNICORN) masts for the Indian Navy. Once implemented, the agreement will be the first case of co-development and co-production of defence equipment between India and Japan.
Embraer boosts industrial cooperation with Dutch industry
Embraer established partnerships on 21 November with Fokker Services Group, the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre, and Multisim to enhance its industrial and research cooperation relating to the Netherlands’ procurement of the C390 Millennium aircraft.
Rheinmetall wins Canadian vehicle contract
Germany’s Rheinmetall has won a USD232m contract to supply the Canadian Armed Forces with 85 HX 8x8 heavy recovery vehicles under Canada’s Enhanced Recovery Capability project. An additional in-service support contract, worth USD21m, has also been awarded to the German prime.
Main headlines from this issue
Korea revises offset guidelines to support its SMEs
Korea’s Defense Acquisition Program Administration revised the country’s Offset Trade Guidelines on 29 October to help foster its small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and help them enter global supply chains.
Australia signs local production contracts with Thales and Lockheed Martin
Australia is boosting the local production of weapons under its Guided Weapons Explosive Ordnance Enterprise. The Australian government announced on 30 October that it had selected France’s Thales to construct a domestic forging capability for the production of artillery ammunition and that Lockheed Martin would establish a facility for the local manufacture of Guided Multiple Launch Rocket Systems.
Competitive tender could delay India’s fighter jet programme
The Indian government is deciding between a government-to-government contract or a multi-vendor and competitive tender process for the procurement of 114 Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft for the Indian Air Force. To avoid a “Rafale-like controversy” related to the contract, India is considering adopting a “transparent procurement method” for the deal.
Thailand to produce Swedish solar cells
Swedish defence prime Saab and solar energy firm Midsummer AB signed an MoU on 4 November to explore a long-term partnership and industrial cooperation in Thailand. This is part of Saab’s adherence to Thailand’s offset policies which demand benefits for its defence industry and economy against foreign purchases.
Boeing and Safran to set up local facilities in Morocco
Morocco will establish local aerospace R&D and MRO facilities in partnership with US prime Boeing and France’s Safran Aircraft Engines under agreements signed at the Morocco-France Entrepreneurial Meeting in Rabat on 28 October and during the Marrakech Air Show on 30 October–1 November.
Rheinmetall to set up joint venture in Croatia
Germany’s Rheinmetall announced a strategic partnership on 28 October with Croatian manufacturer of unmanned ground systems (UGS) DOK-ING to develop and market advanced UGS solutions. Separately, Croatia will procure Leopard tanks from Germany at a discounted price, against the delivery of used tanks and IFVs to Ukraine.
Main headlines from this issue
India and US seal drone deal after eight years of negotiations
India has finally concluded a USD4b agreement with the US for the procurement of 31 MQ-9B high-altitude long-endurance drones manufactured by General Atomics. The deal was signed on 15 October, alongside a contract to establish an MRO facility for the unmanned aerial vehicles in India.
Brazil to enhance its defence industrial base
Brazil’s Ministry of Defense signed a strategic partnership agreement on 8 October with the National Industry Observatory, under the National Confederation of Industry. The cooperation agreement is valid for six years and aims to strengthen Brazil’s defence agenda and identify opportunities for its Industrial Defense and Security Base in domestic and export markets.
Saudi Arabia steers aerospace collaborations
Saudi Arabia has expressed an interest in the purchase of over 100 of Turkey’s indigenously developed and built KAAN fighter jets. The potential collaboration could include technology transfers and support for local production of the jets. Subsequently, Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef met with Italy’s Leonardo to discuss expanding relations between the two parties.
Turkey’s Otokar wins Romanian vehicle contract
Romania has awarded Turkey’s Otokar its USD934m light armoured vehicles programme contract for the Cobra II 4X4 vehicle. Under the agreement, the first 278 out of 1,059 vehicles will be produced at Otokar’s facilities in Turkey. The remaining units will be manufactured in Romania in cooperation with local companies under a framework that is yet to be determined.
UK, Germany sign defence agreement to boost joint production
The UK and Germany will strengthen long-term defence industry cooperation under an agreement signed on 23 October. The agreement outlines joint production opportunities and proposes plans for Germany’s Rheinmetall to open a new factory in the UK.
Pending approvals delay delivery of KAI aircraft to Poland
Poland is facing delays in the delivery of 36 FA-50PL combat aircraft from Korean Aerospace Industries, as the US has yet to provide legislative approvals for components requested on the aircraft by Poland.
Main headlines from this issue
Boeing to pay Embraer $150m for abandoning aviation deal
As a result of withdrawing from a proposed aviation deal in April 2020, Boeing will pay Embraer a gross amount of USD150m. The collaboration began in July 2018, when Boeing and Embraer signed a Master Transaction Agreement (MTA). The conclusion of the arbitration process was announced on 16 September.
Dassault Aviation goes solo in setting up MRO venture in India
Dassault Aviation is independently setting up an MRO subsidiary in India, after reports in July suggested that it was abandoning its partnership with Reliance Defence on the project. The new venture, Dassault Aviation MRO India (DAMROI), will focus on providing tailor-made support products and services for India’s fleet of Dassault fighter aircraft such as the Rafale and Mirage-2000.
Ukraine advances defence co-production with European firms
Ukraine plans to launch development and production projects with European partners as it focuses on developing local manufacturing capabilities for ammunition and drones. Local firm Ukrainian Armored Vehicles (Ukrainian Armor) will collaborate with the Czech holding Czechoslovak Group (CSG), while Ukraine expects to launch co-production with Slovakia’s Way Industries, and the Netherlands will invest in drone development with the country.
Offsets to contribute €1bn to Dutch submarine project
Industrial cooperation will generate EUR1bn for the Dutch maritime industry against the supply of four submarines to the Royal Netherlands Navy. The Netherlands signed a delivery agreement with France’s Naval Group on 30 September covering the procurement.
Saab to open tenth facility in the US
Saab is partnering with the State of Michigan to establish a USD75m facility for the local production of munitions in Grayling. Saab’s investment, announced on 24 September, will create 70 local jobs. Once open, the factory will conduct final assembly and integration of shoulder-fired munitions and precision guided systems.
Korea to purchase Polish weapons for the first time
The South Korean Ministry of National Defense signed a deal with Poland on 2 October to purchase Warmate 3 Kamikaze drones, marking Korea’s first weapons purchase from Poland. The agreement was finalised with Polish defence firm WB Group’s subsidiary, WB Electronics, during the Korea Army International Defense Exhibition held in Gyeryong on 2–6 October.
Main headlines from this issue
Peru releases updated offset-related definitions
The Peruvian Ministry of Defense (MINDEF) released a supreme decree, the Ministerial Resolution No. 00960-2024-DE on 11 September, to modify its existing General Directive No. 018, which regulates offsets in Peru. The decree is expected to be approved by the end of this year. The three-page document clarifies that new definitions of “Industrial Cooperation” and “Industrial Participation” need to be included in the Peruvian offset policy.
Turkish firm to localise operations ahead of UK Army tender
Nurol Makina has opened a new facility in the UK through its local subsidiary, Nurol Makina UK (NMS UK). The facility in Tachbrook Park, Leamington Spa, will focus on producing protected patrol vehicles for both the UK and for export. The UK facility is expected to employ up to 150 people, and will form part of NMS UK's phased approach to increase the UK-based content of its vehicles to more than 50 percent.
Northrop to transfer tech to Lithuania for IFV ammunition
Northrop Grumman signed an MoU with Lithuania’s MoD and Ministry of Finance on 23 September, formalising its intention to support Lithuanian industry in producing medium-calibre ammunition for Infantry Fighting Vehicles. Under the MoU, Northrop will share with Lithuania technologies related to advanced manufacturing expertise. The US prime is also negotiating the establishment of a local production line and a joint venture for its 30mm-calibre ammunition.
Ukraine to produce Czech weapons with local content
In an attempt to increase its presence in Ukraine, Czech arms supplier AKM Group-CZ has opened a representative office in Kyiv. The office, registered on 27 August, marks the company’s fourth representative office in the world outside of the Czech Republic.
Thales Australia to facilitate rifle production in Denmark after decades
Lithgow Arms, a subsidiary of Thales Australia, and Denmark’s Våbenfabrikken have announced a strategic cooperation to establish a new Danish industrial capability. The two sides signed an MoU on 17 September which will enable Denmark to locally manufacture military assault rifles for the first time since the 1960s.
PTDI to reassemble and customise Airbus helicopters for Indonesia
Indonesia has ordered four Airbus H145 helicopters as part of a training modernisation programme for the Indonesian Air Force (IDAF). Airbus signed an agreement with the IDAF and PT Dirgantara Indonesia (PTDI), under which the Indonesian firm will manage reassembly and will complete integration of the mission equipment alongside other customisation work at its facility in Bandung.
Main headlines from this issue
Potential ITAR amendment could “maximise innovation” among AUKUS partners
The US State Department published an Interim Final Rule (IFR) on 20 August to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) in order to further facilitate defence trade between the three AUKUS countries. The IFR introduces a licence exemption for the majority of defence trade conducted between the three partners and is designed to “harness and maximise the innovation power” residing in their defence industrial bases.
Offset requirements leave single bidder for UK’s helicopter contract
Leonardo Helicopters has emerged as the sole bidder for the UK’s ongoing New Medium Helicopter requirement after Airbus Helicopters and Lockheed Martin subsidiary Sikorsky withdrew from the competition ahead of a 30 August deadline, both citing an inability to meet offset requirements.
Australia to become maintenance hub with new aircraft hangar
A four-bay aircraft hangar for the local maintenance of Australia’s fleet of Boeing 737 military aircraft is being constructed in Adelaide. South Australian urban development agency Renewal SA, the principal contractor, has appointed BESIX Watpac as the design and construction contractor for the Deep Maintenance and Modification Facility adjacent to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Edinburgh Base, a BESIX Watpac spokesperson told CTO.
Local shipbuilder to construct Colombian frigate with tech transfer
The Netherlands’ Damen Shipyards Group and Colombian state-owned shipbuilder COTECMAR have inked a deal to construct Colombia’s first indigenously built frigate. Under the contract signed on 11 August, Damen will transfer technology and provide technical support and components to COTECMAR.
KNDS to transfer ground defence technology to Indonesia
Franco-German defence company KNDS Group has pledged to transfer knowledge and technology to Indonesia to enhance its defence sovereignty. The transfer will be related to ground defence and will include medium- to large-calibre ammunition.
China’s Norinco signs tech transfer and training deal with Mali
Chinese defence contractor China North Industries Corporation (Norinco Group) has signed a cooperation deal with the Malian Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs to provide transfer of technology, military equipment, and training in defence to the West African country.
Main headlines from this issue
Supreme Court of Canada issues decision on 2008 offset dispute
The Supreme Court of Canada has issued a decision relating to letters of credit associated with an offset dispute case between Canada’s Bombardier and the Hellenic Ministry of National Defence. The offset dispute is linked to Greece’s purchase of ten firefighting amphibious aircraft from Bombardier in November 1998.
Poland’s WISŁA Phase II progresses with local production contract
RTX’s local subsidiary, Raytheon Polska, signed an agreement with Huta Stalowa Wola S.A. (HSW) on 12 August to produce 48 M903 launchers for six Patriot air defence batteries in Poland. HSW will act as a subcontractor to Raytheon for the delivery of the systems to the Polish Armed Forces.
Kongsberg to establish missile factory in Australia
Norway’s Kongsberg will build a facility in Australia to manufacture and maintain its Naval Strike Missile (NSM) and Joint Strike Missile (JSM), through a transfer of technology. Backed by an AUD850m (USD576m) investment from the Australian government, the facility will be the first outside Norway to produce these weapons.
Turkey and Spain discuss jet swap
Turkey and Spain have reached an advanced stage of negotiations over a military aircraft swap. If finalised, Turkey will acquire Airbus A400M military jets in exchange for its domestically produced Hürjet training aircraft. The potential swap deal is valued at around EUR720m (USD793m).
TATA to establish vehicle manufacturing plant in Morocco
Indian defence manufacturer Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) has completed all administrative procedures and entered the implementation phase to establish a military vehicle manufacturing plant in Morocco. To this end, Tata has established a new entity in Morocco called Tata Advanced Systems Maroc Construction.
Kazakhstan localises oil and gas production
Kazakhstan is planning to localise three oil and gas production facilities this year in collaboration with global manufacturers. The Central Asian country is focusing on increasing local content in oil and gas equipment to support and promote domestic manufacturing and local suppliers.
Main headlines from this issue
India amends Defence Acquisition Procedure to provide opportunities for startups
India’s Defence Acquisition Council approved amendments to the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020, which will be reviewed after one year. The amendments include changes in costs, payments, and procurement procedures to include Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and startups in bidding processes to promote technology procurement from them.
India to buy additional Scorpénes with 60 percent indigenous content
The Indian Navy will acquire three additional Scorpène-class submarines from France’s Naval Group. The French prime will partner with Bharat Electronics Limited to integrate an indigenous combat management system into the submarines. The new submarines will be built locally by Mazagon Dockyards Limited with 60 percent Indian content.
Local industry to build radar components for Spanish frigates
Lockheed Martin awarded purchase orders to Spanish companies to build components for its SPY-7 radar on 24 July. The US prime is collaborating with Indra Sistemas, Escribano Mechanical and Engineering, and the Institute of Marine Sciences on the radars that will be fitted on Spain’s F-110 frigates, which are being built by Navantia.
Boeing fulfils ITB commitment in Canada through indigenous firm
Boeing has awarded Canada’s Indigenous-owned COTA Aviation, an investment of USD9.4m for the construction of a manufacturing training centre. This forms part of Boeing’s wider USD44.5m investment in British Columbia, as part of the US prime’s Industrial and Technological Benefit commitment to deliver the P8 Poseidon Aircraft to the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Malaysian firm to upgrade Hanwha’s K200 vehicles
Hanwha Aerospace has signed a teaming agreement with Malaysia’s Cendana Auto to upgrade their ageing K200 tracked IFVs. The Malaysian Ministry of Defence said that the contract, announced on 2 August, would include a technology transfer to support Malaysia’s MRO capabilities in armoured vehicles.
Future Leopard tanks to involve Czech industry
The Czech Republic will receive an additional 14 Leopard 2A4 tanks and one Büffel 3 armoured vehicle from Germany. The Czech MoD plans to sign an industrial cooperation agreement with KNDS later this year to ensure local industry involvement in the development, production, and lifecycle management of these tanks.
Main headlines from this issue
UK launches a Strategic Defence Review
Prime Minister Keir Starmer launched the UK’s Strategic Defence Review (SDR) 2024–2025 on 16 July. Key issues covered in the review are to include an assessment of the UK’s domestic defence technological and industrial base. The review, which will be due in the first half of 2025, will also identify and recommend changes to foster new investment and greater economic growth for the UK.
Offsets to determine winner of Thai fighter jet contract
The Royal Thai Air Force has recommended to the Thai Government that Saab’s Gripen E be selected over Lockheed Martin’s F-16 jet to replace its ageing fleet of F-16s at the Korat RTAF Base. However, this does not mean that Saab has won the contract. Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin said on 16 July that he wanted to see the offset offers from both Saab and Lockheed before finalising the winner.
Indian submarine tender makes headway after several delays
An Indian contract to build six submarines for its navy has boiled down to a competition between two joint ventures. German shipbuilder Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS), in partnership with defence shipyard Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), is competing with Spanish shipyard Navantia, which is bidding in partnership with Indian engineering giant Larsen and Toubro (L&T). The first submarine must have a minimum of 45 percent indigenisation, with indigenous content going up to 60 percent by the sixth submarine.
Korea offers aircraft production in Peru
Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) signed an MoU with Peruvian firm SEMAN for the local production of 250 components and parts for the FA-50 light combat aircraft (LCA). Under the agreement, SEMAN will conduct work on the joint production of the aircraft’s machinery and sheet metal.
Australian SME to receive tech transfer on British vehicles
Alkath Group, an Australian engineering SME, has entered a partnership with UK-based MSubs Ltd to develop maritime autonomous system capabilities. This cooperation, announced on 23 July, will focus on R&D activities in uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) with a transfer of technology to the SME.
Defence partnerships bolster Czech - Ukrainian ties
As part of Czech–Ukrainian intergovernmental consultations, two subsidiaries of firearms company Colt CZ Group SE signed ammunition and firearms production agreements with the Ukrainian Defense Industry (UDI) on 16 July. The Czech Republic and Ukraine also signed a ten-year security cooperation agreement on 18 July.
Main headlines from this issue
US Supreme Court dismisses Blenheim appeal
On 17 June, the US Supreme Court dismissed an appeal case by Blenheim Capital Holdings, who had claimed that Lockheed Martin, Airbus Defence and Space SAS, South Korea’s DAPA, and the South Korean government had conspired to cut Blenheim out of an F-35 fighter jet offset deal. The dismissal brings an end to the lawsuit filed in December 2020, which alleged that DAPA and the two defence manufacturers had conspired to exclude Blenheim from the offset deal that it had designed and developed.
Rheinmetall-Leonardo JV bid for land vehicle development in Italy
Rheinmetall and Leonardo have signed an MoU to establish a 50/50 joint venture to bid for the Italian Army’s new armoured vehicle contracts. Announced on 3 July, the joint venture will be headquartered in Italy with final assembly lines, homologation testing, delivery activities, and logistic support based in-country, leading to an Italian workshare of 60 percent.
MBDA and Kongsberg withdraw from Swiss tender with offset requirement
MBDA and Kongsberg have withdrawn from a USD738m Swiss tender for the procurement of a medium-range ground-based air defence. The Swiss Federal Office for Defence Procurement, armasuisse, confirmed in a statement on 5 July that this leaves Diehl's IRIS-T system as the only potential bidder. MBDA and Kongsberg informed armasuisse that they would not be submitting offers for the tender due to time constraints.
JV to locally maintain S-400 systems amid delivery delays
Russia and India are finalising an agreement to establish a joint venture for the maintenance and repair of S-400 air defence systems in India. Russian state-owned enterprise Almaz Antey is in the final stage of negotiations with an undisclosed Indian company for the establishment of the facility. Almaz Antey will provide the technology needed for the task to the Indian partner, as well as offering technical support to establish the necessary infrastructure for the venture.
Italian vehicles to be produced in Brazil with local content
Brazil signed a contract with Italy’s Iveco Defence Vehicles Latin America (IDV LATAM) to acquire 420 Light Multirole Vehicles (LMVs). As part of the deal, IDV will manufacture LMV-BR2 Guaicurus vehicles at its Brazilian facility in Sete Lagoas. Several components of the LMV will be manufactured in Brazil, and tools for maintaining the vehicle platform will also be procured locally.
Thales to establish military communications JV in Egypt
Benha Electronics signed a cooperation agreement with France’s Thales Group on 15 July to establish a joint venture in Egypt. Thales and Benha Electronics S.A.E. will cooperate in the fields of training and R&D towards the production of communication devices and signalling systems.
Main headlines from this issue
French SMEs highlight offset challenges, focus on finding “right” local partners
At Eurosatory, French small and medium-sized businesses Aresia, Etienne Lacroix, and Ouvry highlighted the opportunities and challenges associated with offsets in defence procurements, noting technology transfer and intellectual property (IP) as major hurdles and stressing the importance of finding the “right” long-term local partners for successful offset fulfilment.
Thales bolsters partnerships with the UAE and Ukraine
France’s Thales Group signed four agreements at Eurosatory with Emirati and Ukrainian companies, namely the UAE’s KATIM and Ukraine’s Joint-Stock Company Ukrainian Defence Industry and FRDM.
UAV production and maintenance site launched in France
Austria’s Schiebel Group announced on 20 June that it has established a new subsidiary named Schiebel Aéronaval SAS and opened a new facility in Toulon, France, that will focus on the local production and maintenance of Camcopter S-100 unmanned aerial vehicles for the French Navy.
India, US discuss Stryker and Javelin co-production at iCET dialogue
India and the US are discussing the joint production of Stryker armoured infantry combat vehicles (ICVs) and Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), US Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell announced during an online briefing. The discussion formed part of the India-US Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) dialogue held in New Delhi on 17 June.
Joint venture in Australia to support AUKUS submarine development
To accelerate the development of Australia’s nuclear submarine capabilities under the AUKUS partnership, US shipbuilding company Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) and British prime Babcock are forming H&B Defence, a joint venture in Australia. Headquartered in Canberra, the joint venture will collaborate with government, industry, and academic stakeholders in Australia to develop a skilled local workforce.
SIG SAUER bolsters UK operations with new small arms facility
Swiss-German firearms manufacturer SIG SAUER is hoping to bolster its operations in the UK ahead of a British requirement for new small arms. Dr Duncan Stewart, director of business and programme development, said that the company is looking to move beyond earlier small-scale operations in the UK market and is expanding its investment through a local maintenance and support facility, SIG UK.
Main headlines from this issue
ITAR “flaws” and AUKUS Pillar II barriers to persist despite proposed amendments
A proposed rule to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) was published by the US Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) last month to advance the goals of the trilateral AUKUS partnership between the US, the UK, and Australia. The new rule proposes to amend ITAR and introduce an exemption that will reduce export authorisation requirements for defence articles, services, and brokering activities for authorised users in the UK and Australia.
EDGE & Adani sign cooperation agreement amidst growing UAE-India ties
EDGE Group, UAE’s state-owned defence conglomerate, signed a cooperation agreement with India’s Adani Defence and Aerospace on 11 June to establish a “global platform” leveraging the two defence giants’ defence and aerospace capabilities. The two parties will explore the establishment of R&D facilities in both India and the UAE as a part of the deal.
Norway to assemble, repair and export German tanks, while tank deal in Italy risks collapse
While Norway is set to assemble 37 Leopard 2 tanks locally for the first time, an Italian deal to procure the tanks is at risk of collapsing because of an impasse over technology transfer between industry partners.
KNDS sets up subsidiary in Ukraine, signs agreements with local firms
On 7 June, the Franco-German prime KNDS announced the setting-up of a new subsidiary, KNDS Ukraine, which will produce military equipment and ammunition in Ukraine. KNDS Ukraine will work with local firms to set up equipment maintenance, manufacture spare parts, and produce 155mm artillery shells domestically. The new unit is expected to be established by the end of the month.
Thales and PT LEN to launch a joint venture in Indonesia
France’s Thales has signed an agreement with Indonesia’s state-owned defence electronics company PT LEN Industri (Persero) to launch a joint venture. As part of the deal, signed on 30 May, the two firms will establish a centre of excellence and work together on air surveillance radars and command & control (C2) systems. They will also undertake the co-development of a national air operations centre.
Hanwha Ocean builds local partnerships for Canadian submarine project bid
Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean has signed an MoU with Canadian provider of propulsion system integration services, Gastops, to explore domestic and international collaborative opportunities within the Canadian Patrol Submarine Project (CPSP). The prime also signed a Teaming Agreement with Canadian firm CAE and an MoU with Curtiss-Wright Indal Technologies.